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The Structure and Evolution of M51-Type Galaxies
We discuss the integrated kinematic parameters of 20 M51-type binarygalaxies. A comparison of the orbital masses of the galaxies with thesum of the individual masses suggests that moderately massive dark halossurround bright spiral galaxies. The relative velocities of the galaxiesin binary systems were found to decrease with increasing relativeluminosity of the satellite. We obtained evidence that the Tully-Fisherrelation for binary members could be flatter than that for local fieldgalaxies. An enhanced star formation rate in the binary members may beresponsible for this effect. In most binary systems, the direction ofthe orbital motion of the satellite coincides with the direction of therotation of the main galaxy. Seven candidates for distant M51-typeobjects were found in the Northern and Southern Hubble Deep Fields. Acomparison of this number with the statistics of nearby galaxiesprovides evidence for the rapid evolution of the space density ofM51-type galaxies with redshift z. We assume that M51-type binarysystems could be formed through the capture of a satellite by a massivespiral galaxy. It is also possible that the main galaxy and itssatellite in some of the systems have a common cosmological origin.
| Statistical study of M 51-type galaxies
We present a statistical analysis of a new sample of M 51-type galaxies.Using the MCG and VV catalogues, we selected 32 such binary systems. Wefound that a typical M 51-type pair consists of a bright L*spiral galaxy and a satellite with blue luminosity 1/30-1/3 of theprimary one. The main galaxies in such pairs are often barred and havetwo well-defined spiral arms. M 51-type systems show an enhanced starformation rate (from FIR luminosities). We found a weak dependence ofthe star formation rate of the system on relative luminosity of thecompanion. M 51-type galaxies are relatively frequent: about 1/12 of allpairs are of M 51-type.
| Kinematics of the Hercules supercluster
The Hercules supercluster consists of the Abell clusters A2147, A2151,and A2152. Previous studies of the kinematics have been confounded bythe difficulty of correctly assigning galaxies to the individualclusters, which are not well separated. Our study has a total of 468available velocities for galaxies in the region, 175 of them new. Thereare 414 galaxies in the supercluster, about three times the number usedin the previous supercluster study. We verify the existence of the threeindividual clusters and compute their individual dynamical parameters.We investigate several techniques for assigning galaxy membership toclusters in this crowded field. We use the KMM mixture-modelingalgorithm to separate the galaxies into clusters; we find that A2152 hasa higher mean velocity than previous studies have reported. A2147 andA2152 also have lower velocity dispersions: 821 and 715 km/s,respectively. The assignment of galaxies to either A2152 or A2147requires velocity and position information. We study the kinematics ofthe supercluster using the two-body formalism of Beers et al. (1982) andconclude that A2147 and A2151 are probably bound to each other and thatthe supercluster as a whole may also be bound. The mass of thesupercluster, if bound, is (7.6 +/- 2.0) 10 exp 15/h M(solar); with thesupercluster luminosity, (1.4 +/- 0.2) 10 exp 13/sq h L(solar), thisyields 0.34 +/- 0.1.
| Total magnitude, radius, colour indices, colour gradients and photometric type of galaxies
We present a catalogue of aperture photometry of galaxies, in UBVRI,assembled from three different origins: (i) an update of the catalogueof Buta et al. (1995) (ii) published photometric profiles and (iii)aperture photometry performed on CCD images. We explored different setsof growth curves to fit these data: (i) The Sersic law, (ii) The net ofgrowth curves used for the preparation of the RC3 and (iii) A linearinterpolation between the de Vaucouleurs (r(1/4) ) and exponential laws.Finally we adopted the latter solution. Fitting these growth curves, wederive (1) the total magnitude, (2) the effective radius, (3) the colourindices and (4) gradients and (5) the photometric type of 5169 galaxies.The photometric type is defined to statistically match the revisedmorphologic type and parametrizes the shape of the growth curve. It iscoded from -9, for very concentrated galaxies, to +10, for diffusegalaxies. Based in part on observations collected at the Haute-ProvenceObservatory.
| An image database. II. Catalogue between δ=-30deg and δ=70deg.
A preliminary list of 68.040 galaxies was built from extraction of35.841 digitized images of the Palomar Sky Survey (Paper I). For eachgalaxy, the basic parameters are obtained: coordinates, diameter, axisratio, total magnitude, position angle. On this preliminary list, weapply severe selection rules to get a catalog of 28.000 galaxies, wellidentified and well documented. For each parameter, a comparison is madewith standard measurements. The accuracy of the raw photometricparameters is quite good despite of the simplicity of the method.Without any local correction, the standard error on the total magnitudeis about 0.5 magnitude up to a total magnitude of B_T_=17. Significantsecondary effects are detected concerning the magnitudes: distance toplate center effect and air-mass effect.
| Far-infrared properties of cluster galaxies
Far-infrared properties are derived for a sample of over 200 galaxies inseven clusters: A262, Cancer, A1367, A1656 (Coma), A2147, A2151(Hercules), and Pegasus. The IR-selected sample consists almost entirelyof IR normal galaxies, with Log of L(FIR) = 9.79 solar luminosities, Logof L(FIR)/L(B) = 0.79, and Log of S(100 microns)/S(60 microns) = 0.42.None of the sample galaxies has Log of L(FIR) greater than 11.0 solarluminosities, and only one has a FIR-to-blue luminosity ratio greaterthan 10. No significant differences are found in the FIR properties ofHI-deficient and HI-normal cluster galaxies.
| The Distance to the Hercules Supercluster. II. Application of Tertiary Indicators and an Estimate of the Hubble Constant
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986ApJS...62..283B&db_key=AST
| The distance to the Hercules supercluster. I - Basic data for 220 galaxies in CGCG field 108.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986ApJS...62..255B&db_key=AST
| The distance of the Hercules supercluster from supernovae and SBC spirals, and the Hubble constant
The distance modulus of the Hercules supercluster of galaxies isdetermined anew by two independent methods: using the maximum apparentluminosities of presumed Type I supernovae and the mean apparentmagnitudes and diameters of seven Sbc spirals of luminosity classes I toII. The corresponding distance, 112 plus or minus 8 megaparsecs, and themean redshift of the supercluster give a more precise value of theHubble ratio, which should be free of both Malmquist bias and the effectof local perturbations. No value is given for the Hubble constant,because this depends slightly on cosmological model and corrections.
| Gas deficiency in cluster galaxies - A comparison of nine clusters
The available 21 cm line data in the literature for galaxies in nineclusters is combined with new high-sensitivity observations of 51galaxies in five of the nine clusters in order to test fordiscriminating circumstances between those clusters which show H Ideficiency among their spiral population and those which do not. An H Ideficiency for the complete cluster sample is derived employing acomparison sample of galaxies chosen from the Catalog of IsolatedGalaxies. The deficiency and its radial dependence is summarized foreach cluster and a composite. A comparison of the environments indifferent clusters leads to the conclusion that the occurrence of H Ideficiency is correlated with the presence of a hot X-ray intraclustermedium, and that an ongoing interaction process is active through thecores of X-ray clusters.
| KISO survey for ultraviolet-excess galaxies. II.
Not Available
| The H I content of galaxies in the Hercules supercluster Evidence for sweeping
Arecibo observations of the neutral hydrogen content of 52 galaxies inthe Hercules supercluster reveal signs of environmental dependence.Supercluster galaxies are compared with a sample of isolated galaxieswith the same luminosity range, and galaxies found at large distancesfrom the condensation appear to have normal M(H)/L ratios, while thosenear the cluster A2147 have marked deficiencies. The deficienciescontrast with the normal to mildly gas deficient A2151, which indicatesthat gas deficiency of spiral galaxies in Hercules is caused by removaldue to ram pressure of the motion of galaxies through the intraclustermedium. Calculations which take into account the intracluster mediumdensity and velocity dispersion indicate the existence of a sweepingmechanism. Optical data also show that swept galaxies with more markedM(H)/L deficiencies tend to be redder than those with a normal ratio,especially in the case of Zw 108-072 in A2147. Results suggest thatsubstantial galactic evolution may be catalyzed by opportuneenvironmental conditions, and a large number of gas deficienct spiralgalaxies undergo a gas-sweeping stage over a relatively short timescale.
| Atlas of interacting galaxies, Part. II and the concept of fragmentation of galaxies.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977A&AS...28....1V&db_key=AST
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